四氯化碳肝纤维化大鼠的Ⅳ型胶原水平和超微结构的动态变化

目的：观察四氯化碳(CCl4)致肝纤维化大鼠的Ⅳ型胶原水平和超微结构的动态变化。方法：采用CCl4后腿皮下注射复制大鼠肝纤维化模型。结果：模型组大鼠病理片呈肝纤维化变，贮脂细胞增生活跃，有较大量的Ⅳ型胶原沉积。超微结构可见大量的胶原纤维生成和成纤维细胞。结论：CCl4肝纤维化大鼠3周的胶原沉积量并不高，6周起胶原纤维沉积量逐渐增大，并向肝细胞延伸。从9周开始分割肝小叶，在第12周已有假小叶生成。     

世界大变局与中美日三国战略选择

在世界大变局中,战后国际格局重大变化的主要标志是“世界老二”易位。苏联、日本皆不例外;21世纪以来欧盟也由盛转衰。未来国际格局可能有三种前景:1.中美两极对抗体制;2.中美竞争合作的“两极多元体制”;3.世界各大力量多元并存,构建多元一体的人类命运共同体。这要看世界潮流是走向和平多边主义还是暴力多边主义。中国实现伟大复兴后的战略选择是“济弱扶倾”,为世界可持续发展与可持续安全做贡献。日本面临的战略选择是:继续在《日本国宪法》下走和平发展道路,还是修改宪法,成为“能战国家”的一员,加入暴力强权的多边主义?坚持开放的地区主义与国际协调,还是搞排他经济集团,远交近攻,以中国为竞争对手?利用中美对立从中渔利,还是促进中美协调而避免在中美之间“选边站”?妥善处理中日两国围绕钓鱼岛归属认知争议和台湾问题,还是重走历史老路?囿于冷战思维和传统权力政治的现实主义决策逻辑,同中国搞战略对抗,还是树立共同、综合、合作、可持续安全的新安全观,与中国加强合作?这些战略选择将关乎未来30年的中日关系。     

Climate change: the risks of stranded fossil fuel assets and resources to the developing world

Under the Paris Agreement, 80% of all proven fossil fuel reserves become stranded resources and investments already made in such resources turn into stranded assets. Much of the existing literature focuses on equitable burden sharing; only a few articles examine the risks for developing countries that invest in new fossil fuels. Hence, this paper addresses the question: What are the risks of investing in fossil fuels for developing countries? In doing so, it examines Kenya, a prospective fossil fuel producer, and China, an investor in fossil fuels. In terms of short- to long-term risks, ignoring new fossil fuels and investing in renewables is favourable and politically, socially, ecologically and economically more rewarding, not least because latecomers to development run the risk of having to compensate investors when new fossil fuel assets strand prematurely and become unrecoverable.     

欧盟排放交易机制及其对中国碳排放权交易机制建设的启示

该文介绍了欧盟排放交易机制的实施过程、运行模式、配额确定和欧洲碳金融市场的发展状况,分析了中国碳排放权交易机制所存在的问题,提出为中国建设碳排放权交易市场的四点启示。     

“低碳”世园会对城市生态化建设的启示

发展“低碳经济”已成为世界各国的共识,倡导低碳消费也成为各国实现城市生态化的必然选择。2011年西安世园会倡导“绿色引领时尚”理念,这正是低碳视角下城市生态化的充分体现。揭示低碳经济的内涵、特点及对构建生态城市的意义,从园区规划建设入手全方位解读西安世园会。对构建生态文明。实现城市生态化有一定启示和借鉴意义。     

The biochemical alteration of soil beneath a decomposing carcass

The processes associated with cadaver decomposition in outdoor settings, particularly those that occur during the extended postmortem interval (>30 days) are poorly understood. Thus, few methods are currently available to accurately estimate the extended postmortem interval (PMI). Of these methods, a soils-based approach has the potential to address the postmortem interval between which entomology and anthropology are the most valuable. Although the validity of soil-based methods has previously been established, little work has been conducted to explain the processes that have been designated for forensic application. As a consequence, we investigated the dynamics of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus-based compounds in soil beneath pig (Sus scrofa) cadavers (gravesoil) that were placed on the soil surface over a period of 100 days. Decomposition was assessed through the physical characteristics of the cadaver, soil pH, soil moisture content, and the concentration of total carbon, total nitrogen, soil-extractable phosphorus, and lipid-phosphorus in soil. Cadaver decomposition did not result in a significant difference in soil carbon and moisture content. However, significant (P < 0.05) increases were observed in the concentration of soil pH, total nitrogen, soil-extractable phosphorus, and lipid-phosphorus. Based on the current results, a significant increase in the concentration of gravesoil nutrients represented a maximum PMI of 43 days (lipid-P), 72 days (total nitrogen), or 100 days (soil-extractable phosphorus). This work provides further evidence that a soil-based method has the potential to act as a tool for the estimation of extended PMI.     

科学发展观视阈下低碳价值观建构路径的思考

低碳经济是以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的经济模式,是人类社会继农业文明、工业文明之后的又一次重大进步。发展低碳经济就是学习实践科学发展观。低碳价值观是一种崭新的价值理念,其建构离不开一定的社会环境,需要培植深厚的低碳文化底蕴。     

欧美碳关税制度分析

欧美发达国家为了所谓的保护竞争力、避免碳泄漏提出了碳关税制度,但有关碳关税的概念在国际范围内还存在不一致。在界定碳关税概念的基础上,剖析欧美碳关税制度的实施基础,分析欧美碳关税制度的效果,对认清欧美发达国家的背后目的,提早做好应对之策尤为重要。     

The causes of death in fire victims

In 169 consecutive cases of autopsied fire victims about 50% had lethal levels of carboxyhemoglobin. Soot in the respiratory tract was found in about 90% of the cases. The age distribution of the fire victims showed significantly less persons in the 15-35-year group than should be expected according to the age distribution of the population, presumably due to greater agility of younger people. More than half of the fire victims had alcohol in the blood exceeding 0.05%, and alcohol intoxication should be considered accessary to many deaths in fire. The characteristic biphasic distribution of carboxyhemoglobin in fire victims together with other observations suggest that the principal causes of death are carbon monoxide followed by carbon dioxide poisoning and/or oxygen deficiency, while the influence of heat is considered to be of minor importance.     

后京都时代：建立可持续碳排放政策的法律意义探析

碳是所有石化燃料的重要组成部分。由于我们越来越多地依赖碳燃料,释放到大气中的二氧化碳浓度也在迅速增加。多数科学家和政府承认温室气体已经并将继续为地球和人类带来灾难,包括频繁的恶劣天气,自然生态系统被破坏。所以“（控制）碳排放”、“碳中和”这样的专业术语,已经成为被大多数人所理解、接受、并采取行动的基础。随着“后京都时代”的来临,发达国家要求发展中国家制定强制性标准,共同为遏制全球气候变暖和可持续发展承担责任成为大势所趋。